30 August 2016
7:40 AM
One of my favorite philosophers asks, and answers, "If man is made in God's image and likeness, does it follow that God is essentially embodied?"
"[The] ‘reasoning’ [goes] along these lines:
1. Man is made in God’s image.
2. Man is a physical being with a digestive tract, etc.
Therefore
3. God is a physical being with a digestive tract, etc.
"But that’s like arguing:
1. This statue is made in Lincoln’s image.
2. This statue is composed of marble.
Therefore
3. Lincoln is composed of marble.
"[The] mistake...is to take a spiritual saying in a materialistic way. The point is not that God must be physical because man is, but that man is a spiritual being just like God, potentially if not actually. The idea is not that God is a big man...but that man is a little god, a proto-god, a temporally and temporarily debased god who has open to him the possibility of a Higher Life with God, a possibility whose actualization requires both creaturely effort and divine grace.
"[The] point of imago dei is not that God is an anthropomorphic projection whereby man alienates his best attributes from himself and assigns them to an imaginary being external to himself, but that man is a theomorphic projection whereby God shares some of his attributes, such as free will, with real beings external to him though dependent on him." ~ Bill Vallicella
"[The] ‘reasoning’ [goes] along these lines:
1. Man is made in God’s image.
2. Man is a physical being with a digestive tract, etc.
Therefore
3. God is a physical being with a digestive tract, etc.
"But that’s like arguing:
1. This statue is made in Lincoln’s image.
2. This statue is composed of marble.
Therefore
3. Lincoln is composed of marble.
"[The] mistake...is to take a spiritual saying in a materialistic way. The point is not that God must be physical because man is, but that man is a spiritual being just like God, potentially if not actually. The idea is not that God is a big man...but that man is a little god, a proto-god, a temporally and temporarily debased god who has open to him the possibility of a Higher Life with God, a possibility whose actualization requires both creaturely effort and divine grace.
"[The] point of imago dei is not that God is an anthropomorphic projection whereby man alienates his best attributes from himself and assigns them to an imaginary being external to himself, but that man is a theomorphic projection whereby God shares some of his attributes, such as free will, with real beings external to him though dependent on him." ~ Bill Vallicella
29 August 2016
An interesting question, answered by David Galernter
11:18 PM
It comes down to this: Christianity is the Jews’ gift to mankind; the most important gift mankind has ever received. That so many modern leftists would say to themselves, 'All the more reason to hate the Jews,' merely underlines the point. The natural enemy of the Jew is the natural enemy of the Christian, too—the conscience-hater, the man who wants no witnesses. Why should a Jew care whether Christianity lives or dies? Because he must care whether the message of Judaism lives or dies, whether the mission of Judaism fails or succeeds.In the end, that hardly matters. The important question is not why a Jew, but why a human being should care about the fate of Christianity.
And the answer is exactly the same.
Labels:
Christianity and Culture,
Philosophy of Religion,
Politics,
Religion,
Society,
Theology
|
1 comments
27 April 2016
Acedia, the Noon-day Demon
7:12 AM
Desert
Spirituality for Reformed People (18)
You greatly
delude yourself...if you think that one thing is demanded from the layman and
another from the monk.... Because all must rise to the same height.... ~ St. John
Chrysostom
In
2011, "60 Minutes" had a segment on the
monks at Mount Athos. (You can view the whole segment here.)
One
of the monks interviewed (by the late Bob Simon) was a man from
Winthrop, Massachusetts, Father Iakovos, who arrived there in 1986. During the
interview, Iakovos told Simon he received news, a year prior to the interview,
that his father was dying, but did not return home to visit his father before
he died. When Simon asked why, Father Iakovos explained that when monks enter
the monastery they renounce the world and are dead to it. This points to one of
the greatest difficulties of monasticism: all that you leave behind, including
the most intimate relationships.
As
I watched that episode I thought back to when, soon after my conversion, I
began contemplating becoming a monk. I wondered if I could be so sanguine about
the death of one of my parents, or even one of my siblings. I concluded that,
while I could, and would, abide by my abbot’s likely denial of my request, for
a time life in the monastery would be extremely difficult, that the performance
of my duties would be perfunctory and joyless, overshadowed by a feeling of
pointlessness. Sadness, perhaps especially over the loss of a loved one, is a
dangerous emotion, dangerous because it can transform into something else,
something the desert fathers named acedia,
and nick-named “The Noon-day Demon.”
Imagine
this scenario. A young man applies for acceptance to a monastery. He undergoes
the trials of a novitiate, during which time the abbot and brothers assess his
fitness for the monastic life. (This, incidentally, is something at which they
are quite adept. Abbot Tryphon of the All
Merciful Saviour Monastery has said it becomes apparent within a matter of weeks
whether or not a postulant is fit for monastic life.)
At
last he is accepted for admission as a monk and begins his “spiritual
struggles, towards temperance of the flesh, towards purification of the soul,
towards mean poverty, towards the good grief, towards all the sorrowful and
painful things of that life according to God which brings joy” (as the Vows
of the Tonsure to the Great Schema put it). Eagerly, he sets to it,
fighting the unseen battle against the demons, living a life of self-abnegation
and cross-bearing.
Initially,
it may be easy, all too easy. But as I said in a
previous post, the desert doesn’t care about you.
The desert
doesn't care about your hopes, your dreams, your plans--or your regrets. The
desert doesn't know you; it won't miss you when you're gone. The desert will
give you no recognition, no honors. The desert doesn't care who you are; it
doesn't care who you think you are. The desert can't hear you; it is not even
listening to you….
The desert
will kick your ass and bring you down to size.
One
day, the heat of the desert, or some other aspect of monastic life, bears down
on the young man. Under that pressure, he begins to think about all that he
left behind, a woman he knew that will never be his wife, the children he will
never have. He thinks about the fact that he may never have news of his family;
he may never know if his father and mother are still alive. He may never know
if his siblings have married, whether or not he has become an uncle. All
because he is here, in the desert.
And
for what? To live a life in imitation of the angels, through continued
life-transforming communion with the Father, by the Holy Spirit?
"No,"
he might try to remind himself, "to pursue holiness, to be made whole, to
be healed. I am here to seek healing from the darkness and estrangement that I
have inherited as a result of the fall. I am seeking out the God of
righteousness, Who alone can heal me of my infirmity. As Christ increases in me,
my fallen nature decreases. In monastic obedience, my Self is replaced by the
will of God and my ego is trampled down. I am here to acquire the Holy Spirit
from whom comes true repentance and a humble and contrite heart, and inner
peace--so that a
thousand around me may be saved."
"But,"
the Noonday Demon tells him, "you don't have to leave the world in order
to do all that. Those who receive the sacrament of marriage also can pursue
these things. Indeed, they must. Besides, the only thing you are really doing
out here is breaking your back and being roasted alive."
He
stops in his tracks, in the midst of his work and asks of himself: "Really,
what am I doing here? I'm not fighting any unseen war. And even if I am, all
Christians, monks and non-monks, are called to this battle."
In
this way, the Noonday Demon, acedia, tempts the monk to forsake his vows. And if he does not forsake his vows then, if
the acedia is not checked, performance of his monastic obligations will become
perfunctory. Quite simply, his body will be in the work, but not his heart.
Hence the association of acedia with laziness; but distinguished from laziness
in that it is not a reflection of a desire not to work, but a conviction of the
pointlessness of the work. What is all his labor but rolling a boulder up a
hill only to have it roll back down, all day long, every day, forever? To the
question, “What’s the point?” the Noonday Demon replies, “There is no point."
As
with all the passions, monks are not the only ones who are susceptible to
acedia. It is a danger we all face, the apparent pointlessness in all our
efforts. When I was a child there was a popular country and western song my
friends and I liked (Johnny Paycheck, “Take This Job and Shove It”). It sounded
fun and was rather catchy, but in fact it’s rather sad and captures the
feelings of a man who has lost interest in his work, and life generally, when
he loses all the reasons for which he expended those efforts:
Take this job and shove it I ain't
workin' here no more
My woman done left and took all the reason I was working for
Ya, better not try and stand in my way
Cause I'm walkin', out the door
Take this job and shove it I ain't working here no more
My woman done left and took all the reason I was working for
Ya, better not try and stand in my way
Cause I'm walkin', out the door
Take this job and shove it I ain't working here no more
There
is more to the song than that, all dealing with the apparent pointlessness of
the hard work he and his friends have put in over a period of years. But, in
general, that sense of pointlessness, is acedia.
But,
what to do about it?
John
Cassian narrates a progression which, honestly, I didn't find very helpful, or
understand, at first:
Wherefore in order to overcome accidie,
you must first get the better of dejection: in order to get rid of dejection,
anger must first be expelled: in order to quell anger, covetousness must be
trampled underfoot: in order to root out covetousness, fornication must be
checked: and in order to destroy fornication, you must chastise the sin of
gluttony. (Conference 5, Chapter X)
Ultimately,
the fundamental problem is the sin of gluttony,
which is itself the result of a desire for variety - for its own sake. It is a
desire for sensual stimulation, specifically, with regard to food, the
stimulation of the palate. Note, from the example above, that the monk is
bothered by the lack of variety in his daily experience; every day is the same
as the day before. More than likely, if he were to leave the monastery, marry,
and have children, he would have days, as a husband and father, on which he
experienced the same listlessness. The cure for acedia, to the extent there is
one, is to discipline one’s self from the need for excessive variety. And in
the monastic experience, the need for variety in food is an expression of
something which ends up working its way into every nook and cranny of our
nature.
I
can recommend that you begin your path to dealing with acedia by simplifying
your menu. When I was at university and still single, I ate only two meals at
home. I whittled my menu down to the same breakfast every day (eggs, toast,
bacon, coffee and orange juice). My supper menu was a weekly, seven different
meals, the same thing every Monday, et cetera. If you did this, or something
like it, you may find yourself surprised at how much of your time and energy is
spent doing nothing but pursuing variety for its own sake. Over time, you may
find yourself surprised at how content you become with its virtual absence.
Variety
may be the spice of life, but that’s just it. Many of us pursue variety not as
a spice, but as a staple. And that is the root of acedia, the desire for
variety as if it were the staff of life.
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About Me
- James Frank Solís
- Former soldier (USA). Graduate-level educated. Married 26 years. Texas ex-patriate. Ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church in America.
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